Justifying device



T D R A H N R E B P R JUSTIFYVING DEVICE 2 Sheets-Sheet l Filed Dec. 7, 1934 www@ R P. BERNHARDT JUSTIFYING DEVICE File'd Dec. '7, 1954 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 UUUUUUU Patented May 19, 1936 u UNI-TED STATE PATENT OFFICE 6 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in type justifying devices and particularly to apparatus for instantly determining the exact sizes of spaces required Afor accurate justification of hand set type or hand correction of machine set monotype or foundry type.

Automatic justification apparatus is provided for mechanical typographical devices such as lineotype machines; however, the hand justifying of hand set type and the like has been left to laborious and inefficient cut-and-try methods with the result that the type spacing is seldom uniform and often inaccurate.

The main objects of this invention are to provide apparatus by means of which the exact size of space required for accurate and uniform manual spacing of the words in each line of type can be readily determined as each line of type is set up; to provide such apparatus having differential indicating means capable o-f accurately determining the space shortage in any hand set line of type after the same has been set up; to provide improved apparatus for use in combination with hand composing sticks to readily determine the spacing requirements for each type line regardless of its length; and to provide such apparatus capable of instant application and operation to simplify the process of hand type justification and increase the productive efciency of the composer.

An illustrative embodiment of this invention is shown in the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a perspective View of a justifying device showing its use in conjunction with a hand composing stick.

Fig. 2 is a plan View of the same partly broken away to illustrate its actuating mechanism.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the same taken on line 3 3 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary detail view taken on line 4 4 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary view showing the nature of the calibrations on the indicator.

The improved justifying device is primarily an apparatus arranged to cooperate with an element of various dimensions which element through the relationship of its dimensional characteristics and a fixed point on the justifying device controls the differential operation of an indicating mechanism, the line of type to be justified being the element of various dimensions which controls operation of the justifying device whereby the same will determine accurately the space requirements necessary to the composition of a line of type of a predetermined length.

In the form shown in the drawings, the invention is embodied in an apparatus comprising a base I upon which is mounted a bed plate 2 which supports the differentially actuated mechanism.

As shown in Figs. 2 to 4 inclusive, the indicating mechanism comprises a rotatable calibrated drum 3 carried on a shaft 4 which is journaled at its ends in supporting members 5 and B. Motion is imparted to the drum 3 through gears 'I and 8 which are rotated through coaction of a gear 9 xed on the shaft II), which carries the gear 8, and a shiftable rack I I. Thus movement of the rack II rotates the gear 9 which in turn drives the gears 8 and I to rotate the drum. The rack II is mounted upon a slidable carrying block I2 which has a cross section of the shape of an inverted T arranged to fit into and slide along a bayonet slot I3 formed in the surface of the bed plate 2. Projecting outwardly from the carrier block or member I2 is a gauging rod I4 which extends through a suitable passageway formed in the bed plate 2 to a point flush with the face of the front edge of the bed plate 2.

An abutment block I5 is secured on the face of the front edge of the bed plate 2 and extends horizontally along the edge of the bed plate 2 from a point adjacent to the passageway in the bed plate in which gauging rod or member I4 is disposed. The carrier member I2 is provided at its forward end with an upwardly projecting portion I5 which is arranged to be engaged by a lever Il by means of which the carrier member I2 may be shifted forwardly, the lever Il being arranged for hand manipulation to impart shifting movement to the carrier member I2.

From the foregoing it will be readily seen that through manipulation of the lever Il the carrier member I2 is shifted forwardly so as to project the gauge rod I4 beyond the face of the front edge of the bed plate 2, which motion causes a shifting movement of the rack II so as to rotate the gear 9 and through the gears 8 and 'I imparts rotary motion to the drum 3.

In order to effect adjustment of the angular position of the drum 3 so that a zero reading of the calibrations may be had when the forward end of the gauge rod I4 is flush with the face of the forward edge of the bed plate 2, the rack II is so mounted on the carrier member I2 as to be longitudinally adjustable. As shown in Fig. 3 such adjustable mounting of the rack is accompiished by means of two screws or bolts I8 which pass through slots I9 in the rack I I and into the carrier member I2. The screws or bolts I 8 secure the rack I I to the Carrier member I2 and the rack may be adjusted by merely loosening the screws I8, shifting the rack to its proper position, and then tightening them.

In a normal position of the mechanism, the end of the gauge rod I4 is exactly flush with the face of the front edge of the bed plate 2, and when operating the device the gauge rod is projected beyond the face of the front edge of the bed plate 2 through manipulation of the lever I'I and a shifting of the carrier member I2. In order to automatically return the mechanism to its normal position, spring means are provided to resist shifting of the carrier member I2 and urge the same toward its retarded or normal position.

In the form of the device shown, these springs comprise a spring 20 which is secured to the rear part of the bed plate 2 and to the carrier member I2, and a spring 2I which is secured to the hub of the gear 8 and to the bed plate 2.

Both the forward and backward movements of the carrier member I2, and the associated mechanisms are also retarded by a dashpot 22 which is provided on the under side of Vthel bed plate 2 as shown in Fig. 3, the dashpot 22 being connected to the carrier member I2 by means of a rod 23 which projects downwardly from the carrier member through an opening in the bed plate 2.

The dashpot 22 is desirable in order to prevent too rapid operation of the device and to relieve the mechanism of any shock when returning to its normal or zero position under the action of the springs 20 and 2|. As shown in Fig. 3, a third spring 24, secured to the dashpot rod 23 and the frame I, is also provided to assist the springs 20 and 2| in returning the mechanism to its normal or neutral position. Y

As shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 the apparatus is provided with a canopy or cover 25 arranged to house the drum 3 and its actuating mechanism, the cover 25 being provided with a window 26 through which graduations on the drum 3 can be observed, the window 26 having formed thereon a guide line 21 for the purpose of indicating the proper graduations on the drum 3. The device as shown in Fig. 1 is also provided with a lamp 28 to illuminate its Working surfaces ,and the drum 3. i

f Mounted on the bed plate 2 in front of the canopy 25 is a container 29 which is arranged to hold a plurality of temporary spacer blocks or fillers 30 of predetermined sizes. The spacer blocks 3l] are of graduated sizes, each of which is a multiple of the standard word space size, or 11/2 points, and are held in respectively numbered or designated pockets in the container 29.

The spacer blocks or fillers and the container for the same are not essentially a part of the device, but are necessary to its use and are shown as a part'of the construction, mainly as a matter of convenience.

As shown in Fig. 5 the drum 3 is calibrated in rows and columns, the rows corresponding to and indicating the amount of space shortage in a line of type that has been set up and progressing in half-point steps, and the columns respectively corresponding to the number of spaces required to properly space the words of a set-up line of type. The first, or left-hand, column calibrations represent half-points of space shortage and the calibrations of the remaining columns are figures designating the number 4and size of spaces to be used between the words of the line to justify it.

' As shown in Fig. 1 the respective columns of calibrations on the drum 3 may be designated by numbers formed on the bottom margin of the window or opening 26 of the canopy 25; which numbers represent the number of spaces required to space the words of a set-up line of type. Thus a line of 10 words requires 9 spaces and the proper size of spaces will be found in column numbered 9.

In operation and use of the improved justifying device, type is set up in a composing stick 3l, in the usual manner, with the exception that the spaces between the words are omitted. Each line of type is set up to within approximately one-half inch of the end of the stick, and a temporary spacer block or filler 30 of a size equal to the sum of the standard spaces required between the words of the set-up line is taken from the container 29 ,and placed at the end of the line of set-up type.

The composing stick 3| is then set against the justifying device so that the inside face of the end of the composing stick is in abutment with the inner side of the abutment block I5, as shown in Fig. 2, thus bringing the inside face of the composing stick end flush with the face of the forward edge of the bed plate 2. The lever I'I is then manipulated to project the gauging rod I4 forwardly until the sameengages the filler or spacer block 3D at the end of the line of type to be justified. A reading is then taken from the calibrations on the drum 3 at the intersection of the guide line 2'I and the column numbered to correspond with the number of the temporary spacer block 3U in the line of type being justified or corresponding with the number of spaces required between the words of the line of type being justified.

Y The reading taken from the drum 3 will indicate the size of the spaces necessary between the words of the line of type being justified so as to provide proper substantially uniform spacing between the words in order to completely ll out the line of type. After the size of the spaces has been determined the temporary spacer block 30 is removed from the composing stick and spaces of the designated size are inserted between the words of the line, and the line is justified accurately.

Type spaces are of standard sizes, and each size is designated by a number. For example, for five and six-point type, spaces are cast in one-half point graduations from one and one-half to six points, and are numbered consecutively from 1 to 10. Thus if in a set-up line of type there are six words, ve spaces would be required to space the words from each other. In justifying such a line of type by means of the herein-described device, the operator would rst insert a temporary spacer block 30 corresponding to the number 5 on the container 29. The standard spacing between words being one and one-half points, the spacer block 30 corresponding to the number 5 would be of a size equal to seven and one-half points, or 15 half-points (ve times one and one- Y half equals seven and one-half points or 15 halfpoints). Then, if by means of the justifying apparatus it is found that there is still a shortage of 15 half-points, the drum 3 being calibrated in half-points, the reading taken from the column numbered to correspond with the number of spaces required, or column N 0. 5, designated as A in Fig. 5 of the drawings, would be 5 4. This would signify that to each one of the rive, standard, one and one-half point word spaces which the temporary spacer block allowed for, one and one-half points or three half-points would have to be added 4in order to make up the 15 halfpoints which the line is short. (Five times three half-points equals 15 half-points.)

Thus since the standard or number one space is equal to one and one-half points in width, the size of space that would be required between each word of the line being justified would be a number 4, which has a thickness of three points, or 6 half-points. (i. e., ve times three points equals 15 points or 30 half-points which is the total space necessary to justify the line.)

If upon measurement in the justifier, it should be found that the line is sixteen half-points short, the reading obtained from the drum would be I-5. In this case we would have a requirement of five spaces and the drum would designate a space size for only one of the spaces, i. e., one number 5 space. In this case and all similar cases the composer would first use one number 5 space and for the balance of the spaces required would use the next size smaller or four number 4 spaces. The number 5 space is equal to the standard or number 1 space plus two points; and the number 4 space is equal to the standard or number 1 space plus one and one-half points. Therefore, one space of size No. 5 would add one times two points, or 4 half-points, and four spaces of No. 4 would add four times one and one-half points or 12 half-points, giving a total of sixteen half-points, which was the amount that the set-up line of type was short.

It will be well understood that the methods and mechanical principles involved inthe herein-described invention may be readily applied in justifying lines of type of substantially all sizes. The invention has been particularly described herein for use with 5 or G-point type. However, the following will indicate the application of the invention to type of other sizes:

With 14 to l-point type the standard or number 1 size of word space has a thickness of four points. Therefore, by casting spaces for 14- point type in sizes graduated from 4 to 14 points and progressing by half-point steps,-e. g., 4-41/2-5-51/2 etc., and numbering the spaces from l to 21 resp.ectively,-the herein-described justifying device may be used without alteration or change of the calibrations on the drum 3, it being understood, of course, that the temporary spacer blocks shown at in the drawings would be graduated in multiples of four points, so that for example, a spacer block or filler number 6 would have a thickness of six times four or 24 points and be equal to the sum of six standard 4-point spaces.

Although but one specic 4embodiment of this invention is herein shown and described, it will be understood that details of the construction shown may be altered or omitted without departing from the spirit of this invention, as defined by the following claims:

I claim:

1. A justifying device comprising a rotatable calibrated drum, lineally shiftable means arranged to differentially rotate said drum and normally having a predetermined positional relation with a fixed point on said justifying device, means to support a line of type with one end thereof in alinement With said shiftable means and in fixed relation with said fixed point, and means to manually shift said lineally shiftable means into engagement with the other end of said line of type whereby said drum is rotated differentially according to the length of said line of type.

2. In a device of the class described, means to hold the end of a composing stick in a predetermined relationship With a xed point on said device, a gauge member normally having one end in a predetermined positional relationship with said xed point, means to shift said gauge member to bring its end into contact with the end of a row of type set up in said stick, said stick being held with said row of type in alinement with said gauge member, and indicating means differentially actuated through shifting of said gauge member to indicate the extent of movement thereof.

3. A device of the class described comprising a shiftable indicator, shifting means arranged to actuate said indicator and a gauge rod on said shifting means, an end of said gauge rod normally having a predetermined positional relationship with a fixed point on said device, in combination with a hand composing stick having a row of type set up therein and terminating short of the end of said composing stick, means to hold said composing stick With its end in xed relationship with the said fixed point on said device, said row of type being in alinement with said gauge rod and means to manually shift said shifting means and gauge rod until the end of said rod abuts the end of said row of type.

4. The method of manually justifying a line of type which consists in setting up type in a composing stick until the line is substantially full and omitting the type spaces between the words of said line, placing a temporary spacer block at the end of the line of set up type equal in thickness to the sum of the omitted spaces, measuring the space shortage between the temporary spacer block and the end of the composing stick, removing the temporary spacer block, and justifying the line by distributing the space shortage as a substantially uniform increase in the size of the spaces used to space the words of the line substantially as described.

5. A type justifying device comprising a hand composing stick having an end wall, a differentially shiftable indicator, a shiftable gauge member having one end positioned iiush with the inner surface of said composing stick end wall, means to manually shift said gauge member to project the same inwardly relative to the end wall of said composing stick and into engagement with the end of a row of type set-up in said composing stick and alined with said gauge member, and means to transfer motion from said gauge member to said indicator whereby said indicator is actuated to indicate the extent of movement of said gauge member.

6. In a type justifying device the combination with a hand composing stick having a xed end wall, of a differentially shiftable indicator, a shiftable gauge member having one end positioned flush with the inner surface of said end wall, means to manually shift said gauge member to project the same inwardly of said composing stick relative to the said end wall thereof and into engagement with the end of a row of type set up in said composing stick and alined with said gauge member, means to transfer motion from said lgauge member to said indicator, and means coacting with said indicator to measure the extent of movement of said gauge member.

RICHARD PAUL BERNHARDT. 

